English author, poet, and professor who created The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings trilogy.

He served in the British Army in WWI, where he lost many of his close friends. From 1945 to 1959, he served as a professor of Anglo-Saxon literature and translated Beowulf from Old English.

He cited Old English stories, including Beowulf, as inspiration for the legends of Middle-earth. He also served as a codebreaker during WWII.

In January 1913, he married Edith Mary Bratt after one of his love letters dissuaded her from marrying another man.

He served as the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1925 to 1945 and Merton Professor of English Language and Literature at Merton College, Oxford from 1945 to 1959.  He was at one time a close friend of C. S. Lewis—they were both members of the informal literary discussion group known as the Inklings. Tolkien was appointed aCommander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 March 1972.

After his father’s death, Tolkien’s son Christopher published a series of works based on his father’s extensive notes and unpublished manuscripts, including The Silmarillion. These, together with The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings form a connected body of tales, poems, fictional histories, invented languages, and literary essays about a fantasy world called Arda, and Middle-earth within it. Between 1951 and 1955, Tolkien applied the term legendarium to the larger part of these writings. While many other authors had published works of fantasy before Tolkien, the great success of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings led directly to a popular resurgence of the genre. This has caused Tolkien to be popularly identified as the “father” of modern fantasy literature—or, more precisely, of high fantasy.

In 2008, The Times ranked him sixth on a list of “The 50 greatest British writers since 1945″. Forbes ranked him the 5th top-earning “dead celebrity” in 2009.

He is the author of the classic high fantasy works The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion.

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